汽车英语基础词汇及专用术语（附解释）

发动机部分：
气门 valve - a device that controls the flow of air and fuel mixture into the combustion chamber and the flow of exhaust gases out of it.

顶置凸轮轴 over head camshaft (OHC) - a type of engine design where the camshaft is located above the cylinder head and directly actuates the valves.

顶置双凸轮轴 double over head camshaft (DOHC) or twin camshaft - an engine design where there are two camshafts located above the cylinder head, one for the intake valves and one for the exhaust valves.

直列四缸 inline 4 - an engine design where the cylinders are arranged in a straight line, typically in a row.

水平对置发动机 boxer engine - an engine design where the cylinders are horizontally opposed, with two cylinders on each side of the engine block.

四冲程汽油机 reciprocating 4-stroke cycle engine - an internal combustion engine that completes four separate strokes (intake, compression, power, and exhaust) in one operating cycle.

柴油机 diesel engine - an internal combustion engine that uses diesel as fuel and operates on the diesel cycle.

转子发动机 rotary engine - an internal combustion engine that uses a rotor instead of reciprocating pistons, also known as a Wankel engine.

气缸体 cylinder block - the main structural component of an engine that houses the cylinders and other internal components.

气缸套 cylinder liner - a sleeve that is inserted into the cylinder block to provide a smooth surface for the piston and piston rings.

连杆 connecting rod - a component that connects the piston to the crankshaft and converts the linear motion of the piston into rotational motion of the crankshaft.

曲轴 crankshaft - the main rotating shaft in an engine that converts the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotational motion.

油底壳 oil pan - a container at the bottom of the engine that holds the engine oil.

活塞 piston - a cylindrical component that moves up and down within the cylinder, driven by the expanding gases during the combustion process.

活塞销 piston pin - a pin that connects the piston to the connecting rod.

活塞环 piston ring - a ring fitted around the piston to provide a seal between the piston and the cylinder wall, preventing leakage of gases and oil.

平衡机构 balancer - a component or system used to counteract the vibrations and forces generated by the engine.

气缸盖 cylinder head - the top part of the engine that covers the cylinders and contains the valves, spark plugs, and other components.

进气门和排气门 intake valve/exhaust valve - valves that control the flow of air-fuel mixture and exhaust gases into and out of the combustion chamber.

气门座 valve seat - the surface in the cylinder head where the valve sits and forms a seal.

气门弹簧 valve spring - a spring that keeps the valve closed and assists in opening and closing the valve.

气门锁块 cotter - a component used to secure the valve spring to the valve stem.

气门间隙调节垫片 shim - a thin metal spacer used to adjust the clearance between the valve stem and the rocker arm.

凸轮轴 camshaft - a shaft with cam profiles that open and close the valves at the correct timing.

摇臂 rocker arm - a lever that pivots on a shaft to transmit the motion from the camshaft to the valves.

摇杆 swing arm - a lever that pivots on a shaft and is used to transmit motion or force.

正时皮带 timing belt - a belt that synchronizes the rotation of the crankshaft and camshaft(s),