外贸交易过程中多数的销售方都会要求买方提供信用证,为何会这样做呢?这是因为信用证支付方式的特点所致,在这样的支付过程中更加安全。这种交易方式的核心就在于商业信用,整个交易过程和其他的交易方式相比较更加简便,也更加容易操作,唯一存在的问题是在收汇过程之中,不过只要按照正规的操作模式来完成,在这一环节中的风险也几乎可以忽略不计。
Letter of Credit是当下国际上进行外贸往来最流行的一种方式,其核心在于银行根据用户的实际需求而为用户所具有的支付能力进行认证,并开具有效书面文件,以此保证购买方可以通过这种方式和销售方达成交易。
在这样的过程之中,为购买方信用证明的银行会承担这种交易方式可以用单据买卖来形容,在外贸往来双方而言,在这其中并不包括交易过程中所涉及的产品以及服务等相关内容,开具这一证明的银行只负责单据所具有的相符度。
例如:
Mr. York
We are very glad that you can agree to our offer of $0.50 per lantern for arts and crafts. Although we are unable to meet your requirement of $0.45 per lantern in this transaction, we will give you a discount of 0.1% on the total product price. We hope that we can cooperate with you for a long time.
We hope that you will issue the L/C in good time. We will arrange shipment for you at the first time after receipt of the draft. During this shipment, we are responsible for the total cost of transportation from land to sea. The mode of insurance is Pan-Pacific Insurance, All Risks. We are responsible for the safety of the shipment process and the goods in transit. After the goods arrive at New York port, the product will be unloaded and the quality problems and the safety of the products will be at your own responsibility. We do not accept a revocable L/C or a confirmed L/C in the course of this transaction. Please note this.
In addition, the various categories of Chinese handicrafts produced by our enterprises are mentioned in the appendix. Besides the categories of products, there is a detailed list of the prices of the corresponding products. The appearance of all the categories of products we sell will vary slightly according to the batch size. In this respect, we will have the right of final explanation and what we sell. All types of products sold are subject to clean letter of credit and do not accept other forms of contract.
约克先生
非常高兴贵方能够同意我方给出的工艺品灯笼每个0.5美元的报价,虽然在本次交易中无法达成贵方每个灯笼0.45美元的要求,不过在总产品价格方面我方会给贵方0.1%的优惠,希望此后我们能够长期合作。
希望贵方能够及时开具光票信用证,我方会在收到汇票收据之后,第一时间安排为贵方发货,在此次发货过程中我方负责从陆路到海上运输的全部费用,保险方式为泛太平洋保险,一切险,我方负责发货过程之中的安全,在货品到达纽约港之后产品卸载下船产品品质问题以及安全则由贵方自行负责。本次交易过程中我方不接受可撤销信用证以及保兑信用证,请贵方注意这一点。
此外,我方企业所生产的各种类别中国工艺品在附录中都有提及,除产品类别之外还有相应产品价格详细列表,我方所销售的一切类别产品外观形式方面会因为生产批次不同而略有不同,这方面我方将有最终解释权,我方所销售的所有类别产品都以光票信用证为主,不接受其他合约方式。
“We hope that you will open the L/C without draft in time, and we will arrange shipment for you as soon as we receive the draft receipt.”核心在于光票付款的信用证。
在这篇发盘函中谈到的“We do not accept a revocable L/C or a confirmed L/C in the course of this transaction. Please note this.”其所指为销售方不收可撤销信用证和保兑信用证。此后所提出的“All types of products we sell are mainly by clean letter of credit and do not accept other forms of contract.”则表明在此后的交易往来中信用证的唯一形式。
从上述的案例之中我们已经对信用证的各种不同类别有了初步的了解,而在实际的交易往来过程中,根据自己公司的实际情况选择不同的信用证方式,这样才能够确保在交易过程中的安全,相对而言在选择过程中主导权一般是控制在销售方手中的,不过由于在国际商贸往来过程之中,市场的变化可用风云莫测来形容,因此在一些特殊的时期以及阶段之内这种信用证的选择权会是由购买产品方所掌控,因此在进行相关的贸易往来信函撰写过程之中,要充分考虑到国际商贸形势如何,对于不同形式中企业所具有的地位做好准确把握,这样才能够在相关的贸易洽谈过程之中有效促成交易的达成,而不会因为在信用证这一问题出现偏差,最终导致交易失败,让行业竞争中的其他对手获得机会,如果因为这一点出现问题对于公司而言得不偿失,对于这方面的问题在实际的交易信函往来中必须规避。