图片来源：pi
非洲的发展是一个具有全球重要性的话题。非洲是全球人口排行第二也是增长最快的大陆，预计到 2050年将拥有世界四分之一以上的人口。因此非洲也将会面临越来越大的资源压力，而可再生和可持续发展的太阳能就是最适合非洲能源需求的解决方案。
Africa’s growth is a topic of global importance. The second most populated continent in the world, is also the fastest growing, and is set to be home to more than a quarter of the world’s population by 2050.Africa will therefore also face increasing pressure on its resources, and solar energy is the most suitable solution for its energy needs.
太阳能电网正逐步走入非洲各国各户
Solar power grids are making their way into African homes
根据国际可再生能源机构的数据，到 2030 年，非洲可以通过使用本土、清洁的可再生能源来满足其近四分之一的能源需求。
Africa’s renewable energy potential is 1,000 greater than it’s projected electricity demand by 2040, according to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). By that date, the share of renewables in southern and eastern Africa could grow to 63%, up from a fifth in 2016.
非洲有足够的可再生能源潜力来满足其未来的需求。图片：IRENA
从1990年代初期，非洲部分地区就已经开始使用太阳能转换成电能用来照明，到现今，随着国际公司光伏电网项目投入和非洲各政府能源转型政策推行，太阳能系统逐步完善，像加纳、摩洛哥、肯尼亚、津巴布韦、南非、赞比亚等许多非洲国家无电地区已经实现现付现充电的便捷用电生活。
In the early 1990s, parts of Africa were already using solar energy to convert electricity for lighting. Today, with the investment of international companies in photovoltaic grid projects and the implementation of energy transition policies by various African governments, solar systems have been gradually improved and many African countries without electricity, such as Ghana, Morocco, Kenya, Zimbabwe, South Africa and Zambia, have achieved a convenient pay-as-you-go electricity life.
非洲的太阳能电池板。来源 - iStock
在赞比亚东部，当地商户只需要联系能源公司，就会有专门人帮助安装太阳能面板、电池、充电控制器和电源点，后面只需按月交付租金，就可以给商店或家庭供电，甚至还有专门的资金信贷服务。
In eastern Zambia, local traders simply need to contact the energy company and someone will be there to help installs a system that includes a panel, battery, charge controller and power points.Thereafter, consumers pay a monthly rental fee.
图片来源：John Deyegbe/Resolution Ltd.
非洲太阳能产品市场潜力巨大
Africa's solar product market has huge potential
即使非洲很多国家太阳能项目已经取得进展，正处于能源转型的关键时期，然而要建立覆盖全国的发电站、输电和配电电网等电力基础设施，再加上偏远地区基础设施和电网不足，还是依靠海外企业投资，大量的进口离网太阳能产品和光伏产品。
Even though progress has been made on solar projects in many countries in Africa, however, the need to establish electricity infrastructure such as power stations, transmission and distribution grids covering the whole country, coupled with inadequate infrastructure and grids in remote areas, still relies on overseas companies to invest in and import large quantities of off-grid solar and photovoltaic products.
图片：谢菲尔德大学
联合国环境规划署(UNEP) 近日发布的《2022年可再生能源全球状况报告》显示，尽管受到新冠肺炎疫情的影响，2021年非洲离网太阳能产品销量达740万套，成为全球最大市场。其中，东部非洲销量最高，达400万套。肯尼亚为该地区销量最大国家，销售170万套；埃塞俄比亚排名第二，销售43.9万套。中部非洲和南部非洲的销量则显著增长，如赞比亚销量同比增长77%，卢旺达增长30%，坦桑尼亚增长9%。西部非洲销量为100万套，规模相对较小。
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) recently released its Global Status Report on Renewable Energy 2022, which shows that despite the impact of the Newcastle pneumonia epidemic, Africa will be the world's largest market for off-grid solar products with 7.4 million units sold in 2021. Of these, Eastern Africa has the highest sales volume at 4 million units. Kenya is the largest country in the region with 1.7 million units sold, while Ethiopia ranks second with 439,000 units sold. Sales in Central and Southern Africa grew significantly, with sales in Zambia up 77%, Rwanda up 30% and Tanzania up 9%. West Africa, with 1 million units sold, was relatively small.
图片来源：
在非洲适合做哪些太阳能产品？
Which solar products are worth investing in in Africa?
1小微型太阳能消费品和即插即用家用电器：
Small solar consumer goods and household appliances
图片来源：
包括小型便携式太阳能灯、手电筒或灯具；移动充电站、收音机、风扇、电视，其中太阳能热水器/冰箱这两种产品比较热销。
These include small portable solar lights, torches or lamps; mobile charging stations, radios, fans and TVs, with solar water heaters/refrigerators being two of the hotter products.
2太阳能路灯：
Solar street lights
图片来源：摄图网
太阳能路灯不需要基础设施，如与国家电网连接或定期维护，太阳能路灯非常容易安装和操作。
Solar street lights do not require infrastructure, such as connection to the national grid or regular maintenance, and solar street lights are very easy to install and operate.
3太阳能独立电网和微电网：
Solar independent grids and microgrids
图片来源：
在坦桑尼亚农村社区供电采用的就是‘微型电网’模式，简单的光伏板、储能设备、控制器、逆变器、支架等组件
Simple components such as photovoltaic panels, energy storage devices, controllers, inverters, mounts, etc.
抛开固定思维，新奇的太阳能应用产品
Novel solar applications
太阳能新技术的发展正在改变普通非洲人的生活方式，非洲有望成为全球太阳能产业快速发展的重点地区，而创新且满足当地特色的新能源产品往往能够获得关注。
The development of new solar technologies is changing the way of life for ordinary Africans. Africa is expected to become a key region for the rapid development of the global solar industry, and new energy products that are innovative and meet local characteristics are often able to gain attention.
图片来源：Solar E Cycles
比如太阳能自行车。在肯尼亚，一种可以交通和用来在街头商品售卖的太阳能自行车获得人们的关注。再比如太阳能背包和太阳能发电伞。由中国外贸人李红波自研发的太阳能背包在南非市场得到热销，汉能公司发明的太阳能发电伞也曾掀起热潮。太阳能背包和伞这两类产品，不仅能有自身产品的用途外，还能充电、照明，非常适合非洲当地环境和市场使用。
For example, solar-powered bicycles. In Kenya, a solar-powered bicycle that can be used for transportation and street merchandising is gaining attention. Another example is the solar backpack and solar-powered umbrella. The solar backpack, developed by Chinese foreign trade man Li Hongbo, has been selling well in the South African market, and the solar-powered umbrella invented by Hanergy has also created a boom. Solar backpacks and umbrellas are two types of products that not only have their own product uses, but can also be charged and illuminated, making them ideal for use in the local African environment and market.
图片来源：卖家微信公众号
非洲地域广阔，日照资源丰富，能够吸纳多种类型、规模和技术特点的太阳能产业投资，非洲太阳能应用产品这一市场大有可为。
Africa is a vast region, rich in sunlight resources, able to absorb a variety of types, sizes and technical characteristics of solar energy industry investment, Africa's solar energy application products this market is promising.
