伊斯兰教最重要的节日之一Eid al-Adha宰牲节临近，今年沙特恢复了自2020年因新冠肺炎疫情而中断的朝觐活动，上百万各地区穆斯林正在计划前往沙特阿拉伯麦加进行朝觐之旅，各国也在大力进口牛羊骆驼，用于庆祝宰牲节，可谓是不动则已，动则雷霆万钧。
本篇文章就来了解有关今年宰牲节情况，和宰牲节的独特宗教文化和意义。
As Eid al-Adha, one of Islam's most important festivals, approaches, millions of Muslims from all regions are planning their hajj trips to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, as Saudi Arabia resumes the hajj this year, which has been suspended since 2020 due to the new crown pneumonia epidemic. Countries are also importing cattle, sheep and camels for Eid al-Adha celebrations. Preparations for the festival are in full swing.
In this article, learn more about this year's Eid al-Adha and its unique religious culture and significance.
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2023年宰牲节日期和假期安排
Eid al-Adha dates and holiday schedule 2023
宰牲节是在伊斯兰农历的最后一个月（ Dhu al-Hijjah）的第10天，而伊斯兰历法12月份是依据新月决定的，所以每年都不一样。
Eid al-Adha falls on the 10th day of the last month of the Islamic calendar (Dhu al-Hijjah), while the month of December in the Islamic calendar is determined by the new moon, so it varies from year to year.
图源：mylondon.news/
预计的日期：
根据天文计算，2023年宰牲节预计在6月28日，前天6月27日则是阿拉法特日。
能确定的日期和假期：
传统上，穆斯林会在伊斯兰历11月29日（公历6月18日）寻找新月，确定12月的确切日期。
若6月18日发现新月，这意味着伊斯兰12月从6月19日开始，第10天宰牲节则是6月28日，公共及私营部门可能放假日期6月27日-7月2日，放假六天；
若6月18日未发现新月，宰牲节则推迟一天，放假五天。
（以沙特和阿联酋国家公布信息为基准）
图源：Getty Images
WHEN WILL YOU KNOW FOR SURE?
The Islamic festival is marked in the 12th and last month of the Hijri calendar — Dhul Hijjah. Currently, we are in the 11th month — Dhul Qaidah. Today (June 1) is Dhul Qaidah 12.
Muslims look for the crescent Moon on the 29th of each month.
Dhul Qaidah 29 is on June 18. If spotted on the night, Dhul Hijjah starts on June 19 and the break is from June 27. This translates into a six-day break.
If the Moon is not spotted on June 18, Dhul Hijjah starts on June 20 and the break is from June 28. This results in a five-day weekend.
In short, you will come to know whether it’s a five- or six-day weekend on Dhul Qaidah 29.
(Based on information published by Saudi Arabia and UAE countries)
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朝觐文化/The Hajj Culture
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从伊斯兰历12月1日开始，到12月10日期间全球各地的穆斯林会进行一年一度的朝觐。伊斯兰历12月9日，被称为阿拉法特日，又称朝觐日。
传统上，伊斯兰教规定：凡是有条件的穆斯林男女，一生必须去沙特阿拉伯麦加城内的“克尔白”朝觐一次，对于没条件的人每年教历的十二月十号宰牲节在本地区的清真寺集体礼拜，拜后宰牲。
Hajj is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia which Muslims must carry out as one of the five pillars of Islam at least once in their lifetime - provided they are physically and financially capable of making the journey, and of supporting their family while they’re away.
Like Eid, the date of Hajj is also determined by Islamic calendar. Each year, the events of Hajj take place in a ten-day period, starting on 1st and ending on 10th day of Dhu al-Hijjah, coinciding with Eid.
The 9th day of Dhul-Hijjah, known as Day of Arafah, is called the day of Hajj.
图示：朝觐站点阿拉法特山
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众所周知，宰牲节即是纪念先知易卜拉欣（亚伯拉罕）愿意牺牲儿子伊斯梅尔作为对真主的服从行为的古兰经故事。
而整个朝觐之程，是朝圣者追随先知易卜拉欣及其家人的足迹。从着装到行程，按照严格准则包括绕行天房（克尔白）、行走Safa & Marwa、米纳帐篷之夜、阿拉法特山布道、返回米纳石头仪式等3-5天的朝觐。
图示：米纳石头仪式
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Eid al-Adha is known to commemorate the Qur'anic story of the Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham)'s willingness to sacrifice his son Ismail as an act of obedience to God.
And the entire journey of Hajj is a time when pilgrims follow in the footsteps of the Prophet Ibrahim and his family. From the dress code to the itinerary, following strict guidelines includes 3-5 days of Hajj including the circumambulation of the House of Heaven (Kerbai), walking Safa & Marwa, the Night of the Tent at Mina, the Sermon on Mount Arafat and the return to the Stone Ceremony at Mina.
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沙特麦加克尔白神殿的Ka'bah 也被称为“黑石”，穆斯林认为它是由先知易卜拉欣和他的儿子伊斯梅尔在近4000年前建造起来的，被认为是伊斯兰教最神圣的地方。
The Ka'bah, also known as the 'Black Stone', is believed by Muslims to have been built by the Prophet Ibrahim and his son Ismail nearly 4,000 years ago and is considered the holiest place in Islam.
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据沙特当地媒体报道，今年，朝觐预计将于6月26日开始。今年沙特宗教当局部署创纪录的 14,000 名工作人员和数千名志愿者，应对参加朝圣的数百万信徒。
This year, the Hajj is expected to begin on 26 June, according to local Saudi media. This year the Saudi religious authorities are deploying a record 14,000 staff and thousands of volunteers to cope with the millions of worshippers attending the pilgrimage.
图示：中国伊斯兰教协会首批中国朝觐人员到达沙特
图源：沙特新视野
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庆祝宰牲节
Celebrating Eid al-Adha
朝觐之后，穆斯林开始庆祝宰牲节。宰牲节的另一部分是食物。作为纪念易卜拉欣愿意牺牲伊斯梅尔的另一种方式，家庭将牺牲一种仪式上可接受的动物，如牛、山羊、绵羊或骆驼。然后，这家人会吃一部分被屠宰的动物的肉，其余的则分给穷人和有需要的人。
慈善活动也是节日的重要组成部分，通常会向慈善机构捐赠大笔款项，用于帮助穷人购买新衣服和食物，因此他们也可以参加庆祝活动。
Another part of Eid al-Adha is food. As another way of commemorating Ibrahim’s willingness to sacrifice Ismail, families will sacrifice a ritually acceptable animal, like a cow, goat, sheep, or camel. The family then consumes a portion of the meat from the slaughtered animal, giving the rest to the poor and needy, demonstrating another Pillar of Islam—zakat.
Charity is also a big part of the holiday and it is customary to donate a significant sum of money to charity, to be used to help the poor purchase new clothes and food, so they too may join in on the celebrations.
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与开斋节类似，宰牲节是穆斯林穿新衣服、交换礼物、与家人和朋友一起享受盛宴的日子。对绝大多数穆斯林国家而言，宰牲节假期是难得小长假，因此人们也会定制出国旅行。
据阿联酋在线旅行社
Similar to Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha is a time when Muslims wear new clothes, exchange gifts, and enjoy feasts with family and friends. Muslims also wish one another a happy Eid al-Adha with greetings.For the vast majority of Muslim countries, the Eid al-Adha holiday is a rare mini-holiday, so people also tailor their trips abroad.
The demand for group tours and holiday packages during the upcoming Eid Al-Adha holidays has risen by 47% compared to the Eid-Al-Fitr break, according to
Foreign trade enterprises need to plan their logistics arrangements
在宰牲节期间，许多穆斯林国家的各企业单位都将减少工作时长，工作效率会有所降低，包括海关、港口、货代、仓储等单位。各位外贸企业和卖家朋友们，现在抓紧根据自身货量和各电商平台大促时间，规划好发货计划。
During Eid al-Adha various business units in many Muslim countries will reduce their working hours and work efficiency will be reduced, including customs, ports, freight forwarders, warehouses and other units. All foreign trade enterprises and sellers friends, now grasp according to their own cargo volume and various e-commerce platforms to hit the time, planning a good delivery plan.
